Australian Vanadium (AVL) Investor Presentation summary

Market opportunity and energy transition

• Significant gap in medium and long-duration energy storage in Australia as coal plants retire, with 120GWh required by 2040 and annual growth of 6GWh expected.

• Vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are positioned as a proven, economic solution for utility-scale, long-duration storage, supporting renewable integration.

• Victoria's record peak demand highlights the urgent need for grid-scale storage to reduce reliance on brown coal and meet emissions targets.

Technology and cost advantages

• Large-scale VFBs are projected to have a lower levelised cost of storage (LCOS) than lithium-ion batteries due to 30+ year lifespan and electrolyte recyclability.

• VFBs offer high metal content, supporting value creation across the supply chain and providing a competitive edge in energy storage markets.

Vertically integrated supply chain

• Vertically integrated model spans upstream mining, midstream electrolyte manufacturing, and downstream battery installation and maintenance.

• The Australian Vanadium Project in Western Australia is a world-class, open-pit asset with proven processing technology and ongoing feasibility studies.

• Electrolyte manufacturing facility in Perth began production in 2024, with scalable capacity and ability to process third-party vanadium oxides.

• Downstream, VSUN Energy is deploying VFBs for mining and utility customers, leveraging partnerships to accelerate growth and minimize technical risk.